Three Years After October 7, Gaza Remains in Limbo Between War and Peace

Three years after the October 7, 2023 attacks, Gaza faces sustained infrastructure collapse, continued military operations despite a declared ceasefire, and mounting humanitarian constraints on food, water, and medical access. An estimated 74,000+ deaths, 90 percent infrastructure damage, and Israeli military presence across two-thirds of the territory block reconstruction and create conditions for potential involuntary displacement. No agreed framework for Israeli withdrawal, Palestinian political governance, or long-term settlement exists; U.S.-mediated ceasefire mechanisms lack enforcement capacity, leaving affected populations in prolonged suspension between conflict and peace with measurable daily survival constraints.